Distant worlds (50 wallpapers)

Galaxies are huge clusters of stars, the space between which is filled with interstellar gas and dust. A system of galactic objects is held together by gravitational forces. According to scientists, the age of the oldest galaxies is about 10 billion years, which roughly coincides with the age of the Universe. Their origin began with the process of compression of gas and dust nebulae, which lasted 3 billion years. Then, when the density of the gas cloud reached the temperature and density necessary for the occurrence of thermonuclear reactions, an explosion occurred, and a star was born. The process of star birth is still going on.

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Galaxies are dwarf, containing several thousand stars. They are globular clusters and are found mainly in the region of the Milky Way. But there are also giant galaxies - systems of trillions of stars. In addition to stars and gas, galaxies contain mysterious, not yet fully understood objects, such as neutron stars and clusters of invisible dark energy - black holes. The weight of galaxies is also different. If we compare the masses of galaxies with our Sun, then some of them weigh 100 thousand times more, while others are billions and even hundreds of billions of times heavier.

In the center of almost all galaxies, like planets, there are nuclei, and inside the nuclei there may be nucleoli - cores. It used to be thought that the nuclei of galaxies are static, but it turned out that this is not the case. Active processes take place in the nuclei, the result of which is the release of energy, due to this energy the galaxies “live”.

The appearance of galaxies is different, which led to the emergence of a classification of galaxies based on morphological types. There are several main types of galaxies:
- elliptical, their brightness decreases from the center to the periphery;
- spiral - the most common type - have spiral branches;
- irregular - galaxies of irregular hooked, ragged shape.

This classification was developed by the astronomer Hubble in 1925 and finalized by him in 1936. Currently, it is becoming more and more complicated as a result of ongoing research, new subspecies of galaxies are being introduced into it.

Closest to Earth are the galaxies called the Magellanic Clouds - two shining nebulae visible to the naked eye. The only pity is that they are available for observation only to residents of the southern hemisphere.






























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